10 класс. Английский язык. Герундий. Формы и функции герундия
Герундий имеет формы, выражающие залог и характер действия.
The Simple (Present) Gerund используется, когда мы говорим о настоящем или будущем.
I like swimming.
Reading broadens your mind.
The Perfect Gerund указывает на то, что действие, выраженное герундием, произошло раньше, чем действие, выраженное основным глаголом.
He denied having broken the window.
Passive Gerund также бывает Simple (Present) и Perfect, но форму Simple можно использовать вместо формы Perfect без разницы в значении.
She hates having been lied to./She hates being lied to.
И все же иногда разница важна.
He reluctantly admitted to having been imprisoned.
Forms of the gerund
having been taken
Табл. 1. Формы герундия
Практическое задание1. Я люблю, когда со мной разговаривают.
I like ________ to.
I like ________ on the phone.
He mentioned _________ a car.
4. Она терпеть не может, когда ей говорят, что делать.
She can’t stand _________ what to do.
5. Он вышел из магазина, не заплатив, поэтому его обвинили в краже.
He left the shop without _________. So he was accused of _________ something.
6. Он отрицал тот факт, что не заплатил.
He denied _________.
7. Вы можете себе представить, что вы женаты или замужем за человеком, который в 2 раза старше вас?
Can you imagine __________ to a person twice your age?
8. Я поздравляю вас с выигрышем 1 миллиона рублей.
I congratulate you on __________ 1 million rubles.
1. I like being talked to.
2. I like talking on the phone.
3. He mentioned buying/having bought a car.
4. She can’t stand being told what to do.
5. He left the shop without paying/having paid. So he was accused of stealing/having stolen something.
6. He denied not having paid.
7. Can you imagine being married to a person twice your age?
8. I congratulate you on having won 1 million rubles.
Сравнение форм инфинитива и герундияForms of the infinitive
(to) have written
(to) have been written
(to) have been writing
She decided to help them.
She considered helping them.
I can dance well.
I’m good at dancing.
He refused to wash up.
He objected to washing up.
It’s nice to be lying on the sandy beach.
He seemed to have travelled a lot.
He admitted to having travelled a lot.
Perfect Continuous form:
I know him to have been writing the article on history for two weeks already.
She wants to be given a present.
She enjoys being given presents.
I was happy to have been awarded the 1st prize.
I mentioned having been awarded the 1st prize.
Практическое задание1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.
2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.
3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.
4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.
5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.
6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.
7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.
8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.
9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.
1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.
2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.
3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.
4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.
5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.
6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.
7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.
8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.
9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.
Функции герундияГерундий используется как:
- существительное:
Smoking is unhealthy. – Курение вредно для здоровья.
Eating fresh vegetables is good for your health. – Употреблять свежие фрукты – полезно для вашего здоровья.
- дополнение после глаголовlove,like,dislike,hate (для выражения общих предпочтений):
She likes cooking. – Ей нравится готовить.
I hate getting up early. – Я ненавижу вставать рано.
Функции герундия в предложении- Герундий в функции подлежащего.
Travelling is a pleasure. – Путешествие – это удовольствие.
Simultaneous translating is a hard job. – Синхронный перевод – это тяжелая работа.
- Герундий в функции дополнения.
I like reading. – Мне нравится читать.
We couldn’t stop talking. – Мы не могли перестать разговаривать.
- Герундий в функции косвенного дополнения (с предлогом).
He insisted on translating the article. – Он настоял на переводе статьи.
He is responsible for making a poster. – Он ответственный за создание плаката (афиши).
- Герундий в функции определения.
The story has an advantage of being illustrated.
There’s little possibility of getting the data.
- Герундий в функции обстоятельства (перед герундием стоит предлог).
In solving problems it is important to discuss them at first. (In – при, во время).
On leaving school she entered University. (On – после, по).
She left without saying a word (without – без, without saying a word – не сказав ни слова).
We can do it by heating the air. (By – путем, посредством).