. <strong>10 класс. Английский язык. Герундий. Формы и функции герундия</strong>
<strong>10 класс. Английский язык. Герундий. Формы и функции герундия</strong>

10 класс. Английский язык. Герундий. Формы и функции герундия

Ге­рун­дий имеет формы, вы­ра­жа­ю­щие залог и ха­рак­тер дей­ствия.

The Simple (Present) Gerund ис­поль­зу­ет­ся, когда мы го­во­рим о на­сто­я­щем или бу­ду­щем.

I like swimming.

Reading broadens your mind.

The Perfect Gerund ука­зы­ва­ет на то, что дей­ствие, вы­ра­жен­ное ге­рун­ди­ем, про­изо­шло рань­ше, чем дей­ствие, вы­ра­жен­ное ос­нов­ным гла­го­лом.

He denied having broken the window.

Passive Gerund также бы­ва­ет Simple (Present) и Perfect, но форму Simple можно ис­поль­зо­вать вме­сто формы Perfect без раз­ни­цы в зна­че­нии.

She hates having been lied to./She hates being lied to.

И все же ино­гда раз­ни­ца важна.

He reluctantly admitted to having been imprisoned.

Forms of the gerund

having been taken

Табл. 1. Формы ге­рун­дия

Практическое задание

1. Я люблю, когда со мной раз­го­ва­ри­ва­ют.

I like ________ to.

I like ________ on the phone.

He mentioned _________ a car.

4. Она тер­петь не может, когда ей го­во­рят, что де­лать.

She can’t stand _________ what to do.

5. Он вышел из ма­га­зи­на, не за­пла­тив, по­это­му его об­ви­ни­ли в краже.

He left the shop without _________. So he was accused of _________ something.

6. Он от­ри­цал тот факт, что не за­пла­тил.

He denied _________.

7. Вы мо­же­те себе пред­ста­вить, что вы же­на­ты или за­му­жем за че­ло­ве­ком, ко­то­рый в 2 раза стар­ше вас?

Can you imagine __________ to a person twice your age?

8. Я по­здрав­ляю вас с вы­иг­ры­шем 1 мил­ли­о­на руб­лей.

I congratulate you on __________ 1 million rubles.

1. I like being talked to.

2. I like talking on the phone.

3. He mentioned buying/having bought a car.

4. She can’t stand being told what to do.

5. He left the shop without paying/having paid. So he was accused of stealing/having stolen something.

6. He denied not having paid.

7. Can you imagine being married to a person twice your age?

8. I congratulate you on having won 1 million rubles.

Сравнение форм инфинитива и герундия

Forms of the infinitive

(to) have written

(to) have been written

(to) have been writing

She decided to help them.

She considered helping them.

I can dance well.

I’m good at dancing.

He refused to wash up.

He objected to washing up.

It’s nice to be lying on the sandy beach.

He seemed to have travelled a lot.

He admitted to having travelled a lot.

Perfect Continuous form:

I know him to have been writing the article on history for two weeks already.

She wants to be given a present.

She enjoys being given presents.

I was happy to have been awarded the 1st prize.

I mentioned having been awarded the 1st prize.

Практическое задание

1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.

2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.

3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.

4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.

5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.

6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.

7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.

8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.

9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.

1. Children usually enjoy taking/having been taking/being taken to the zoo.

2. Ann is impatient and hates making/being made/having been made to wait.

3. He was guilty and accused of having been stealing/being stolen/having stolen the wallet.

4. She was at the scene of crime but in court denied visiting/being visited/having visited the place before.

5. My friend is good at having played/being played/playing tennis.

6. Vera is a teacher and she likes teaching/being taught/having been taught.

7. Nick insisted on his friend’s taking/being taken/having taken part in the game.

8. Jack insisted on being explained/explaining/having explained the new rule again.

9. Bill was looking forward to having met/being met/meeting Polly the following week.

Функции герундия

Ге­рун­дий ис­поль­зу­ет­ся как:

  • су­ще­стви­тель­ное:

Smoking is unhealthy. – Ку­ре­ние вред­но для здо­ро­вья.

Eating fresh vegetables is good for your health. – Упо­треб­лять све­жие фрук­ты – по­лез­но для ва­ше­го здо­ро­вья.

  • до­пол­не­ние после гла­го­ловlove,like,dislike,hate (для вы­ра­же­ния общих пред­по­чте­ний):

She likes cooking. – Ей нра­вит­ся го­то­вить.

I hate getting up early. – Я нена­ви­жу вста­вать рано.

Функции герундия в предложении
  1. Ге­рун­дий в функ­ции под­ле­жа­ще­го.

Travelling is a pleasure. – Пу­те­ше­ствие – это удо­воль­ствие.

Simultaneous translating is a hard job. – Син­хрон­ный пе­ре­вод – это тя­же­лая ра­бо­та.

  1. Ге­рун­дий в функ­ции до­пол­не­ния.

I like reading. – Мне нра­вит­ся чи­тать.

We couldn’t stop talking. – Мы не могли пе­ре­стать раз­го­ва­ри­вать.

  1. Ге­рун­дий в функ­ции кос­вен­но­го до­пол­не­ния (с пред­ло­гом).

He insisted on translating the article. – Он на­сто­ял на пе­ре­во­де ста­тьи.

He is responsible for making a poster. – Он от­вет­ствен­ный за со­зда­ние пла­ка­та (афиши).

  1. Ге­рун­дий в функ­ции опре­де­ле­ния.

The story has an advantage of being illustrated.

There’s little possibility of getting the data.

  1. Ге­рун­дий в функ­ции об­сто­я­тель­ства (перед ге­рун­ди­ем стоит пред­лог).

In solving problems it is important to discuss them at first. (In – при, во время).

On leaving school she entered University. (On – после, по).

She left without saying a word (without – без, without saying a word – не ска­зав ни слова).

We can do it by heating the air. (By – путем, по­сред­ством).

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